Showing posts with label science. Show all posts
Showing posts with label science. Show all posts

Why?: The Best Ever Question and Answer Book About Nature, Science, and the World Around You Review

Why: The Best Ever Question and Answer Book About Nature, Science, and the World Around You
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Why: The Best Ever Question and Answer Book About Nature, Science, and the World Around You ReviewMy 3 year old has already asked me many questions in this book,
so it hits the mark on being full of real questions that a real child would ask. The explanantions are short (about 1 paragraph)
and easy to understand - although I found the vocabulary sometimes a bit tough for my 3 year old. I often used simpler words while reading to her. I expect therefore that the rated age range beginning with 4 years is probably accurate from the point of view of understanding the explanations completely. The questions are arranged in groups such as "bathtime questions" and in a "story" order revolving around a child in that particular situation (ie. the child is getting a bath and is asking questions that start with "how does hot and cold water run out of the same tap" and ending with "why do my hands get all wrinkly after I've been in the bath a long time"). Each question and it's associated exaplanation and illustration cover a full two-page spread of the book. My only complaint is that the book does not actually contain as much detailed "science" content as I had hoped to find - since it is based on questions that children ask, not on concepts someone wanted to include purely for the sake of completeness. I would guess that 8 year olds might be left wanting more information that is given in the answers (which could be considered a good thing, spurning them on to further research). Certainly for the younger ages though, this is a great book. (More questions from the book: "Do the doors at the grocery store open by magic?" "Why do stars Twinkle?" "Why does it smell so good outside after it rains?" "Why do I have to use the toilet and where does it go when I flush?")Why: The Best Ever Question and Answer Book About Nature, Science, and the World Around You Overview

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The Intelligent Universe: AI, ET, and the Emerging Mind of the Cosmos Review

The Intelligent Universe: AI, ET, and the Emerging Mind of the Cosmos
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The Intelligent Universe: AI, ET, and the Emerging Mind of the Cosmos ReviewHaving read Gardner's earlier work Biocosm: The New Scientific Theory of Evolution: Intelligent Life Is the Architect of the Universe, I was prepared for "The Intelligent Universe" to be the work of a visionary thinker who is not afraid to speculate about the cosmological principles underlying our universe. I cherish the work of authors who are not afraid to think big. Gardner does not disappoint in the grandeur of his vision. If you think there is nothing new under the sun, I encourage you to read "The Intelligent Universe". One can't help but find enlightening material in the book. Oliver Wendell Holmes said "Man's mind, once stretched by a new idea, never regains its original dimensions." This sentiment certainly applies to my reading of Gardner's book.
Gardner's book is, however, not without flaws. One criticism I won't make of the book is that the ideas are hopelessly speculative. The book employs the kind of theoretical flights of fancy that John Horgan dismisses as "ironic science" in his book The End of Science (Helix Books), a book which says that science is asymptotically approaching a point at which there won't be any major new scientific theories, not because of science's failures but because science has been so successful. I mention Horgan because the scope of Gardner's vision encourages me to believe that we haven't even begun to exhaust our potential to develop breathtaking scientific theories of the cosmos. I came away from The Intelligent Universe with an excitement about the power of large-scale thinking about the universe.
Having said that, while Gardner presents an original "story", weaving together the work of numerous cosmologists and other scientists, perhaps paradoxically, the book often reads as a rehashing of the ideas of numerous big-picture thinkers. Maybe both perspectives can be accurate: Gardner summarizes the work of many while putting together the pieces in a unique way. There is nothing wrong with synthesizing the views of one's peers. However, the book too often lapses into a series of synopses of the big ideas of other scientific thinkers, brilliant though these thinkers may be.
To give you an idea of Gardner's method I reproduce the train of thought found in a few early chapters. Gardner uses extended paragraph-long quotations to run through the following thinkers (not all of which Gardner ultimately endorses):
Fred Hoyle on the fine-tunedness of physical constants, Francis Crick on directed pansperma (the idea that extraterrestrials seeded the biosphere with the first life forms on Earth), Stephen Wolfram and Ed Fredkin on cellular automata principles underlying physics, Seth Lloyd on the cosmos as quantum computer, Erwin Schrodinger on quantum physics underlying life, John Wheeler's on the "participatory anthropic principle" (the idea that only with conscious life does the universe summon itself into being), John Koza on genetic programming, Roger Penrose on the quantum physical underpinnings of consciousness, (leading to a gloss on the implications of combining quantum computing and genetic programming). Then Gardner begins the next chapter with Mark Bedau on artificial life, with an interlude about the perils of nanotechnology run amok, alluding to Michael Crichton's techno-thriller Prey. After that, we move on to topic of the technological singularity, where Ray Kurzweil plays a prominent role, both for his vision of smarter-than-human artificial intelligence and his optimism about the prospects for immortality. In the same chapter Gardner describes how Vernor Vinge forsees the arrival of super-human intelligence as more likely to result from intelligence amplification (at least at first) than from artificial intelligence.
Many of the later chapters work in a similar fashion, cycling through the big ideas of major thinkers. If a book is going to run through thinkers as this one does I guess what I would wish for is a book with the kind of comprehensiveness of The Anthropic Cosmological Principle (Oxford Paperbacks). Instead, too often there is only a superficial treatment of one thinker before we move on to another superficial treatment of the big idea of the next thinker. Such a technique is particularly unsatisfying for someone who is already familiar with many of the thinkers presented. I would relish a deeper engagement with the work of many of the thinkers treated. So one problem that I have with the book is simply that it is not in-depth enough. The body of the text takes up 196 pages, with an additional 46 pages comprising reprints of three articles from the International Journal of Astrobiology and Complexity magazine (2 articles).
I don't mean to dismiss Gardner's writing style. The value of his approach was demonstrated to me by his discussion of Beatriz Gato-Rivera's proposed solution to the Fermi Paradox. I had never heard of Gato-Rivera but Gardner's treatment of her position in The Intelligent Universe provided a nice jumping off point to her work. It is easy to see how the book could function as a window into a lot of other scientific topics. I was wondering how Gardner would reconcile the Fermi Paradox with Gardner's view that the universe is "hard-wired" to produce intelligent life, and Gato-Rivera's work figures prominently in his proposed resolution to the conundrum, although, characteristically, there is no attempt made to contradict this hypothesis or to pronounce on the merits of any alternative explanations.
"The Intelligent Universe" ultimately attempts to answer what Brian Greene has called the biggest of the big questions: Why is the universe life-friendly? Gardner, bold and original thinker that he is, thinks he knows the answer. His solution is the Selfish-Biocosm Hypothesis. The central claim of his Selfish-Biocosm Hypothesis is "that the ongoing process of biological and technological emergence, governed by still largely unknown laws of complexity, could function as a von Neumann controller, and that a cosmologically extended biosphere could serve as a von Neumann duplicating machine in a conjectured process of cosmological replication." In other words, the universe comes to life and then reproduces itself through the creation of other universes. This comes right out of Gardner's first book Biocosm. In this picture, human beings (or other intelligent life forms) might be thought of as the mitochondria of the cells that make up the universe as organism. The Intelligent Universe can be seen as the exploration of this basic storyline, and this includes dealing with the religious implications of the radically new perspective afforded by the Selfish-Biocosm Hypothesis. All in all, the story is well worth reading.The Intelligent Universe: AI, ET, and the Emerging Mind of the Cosmos Overview

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Am I Making Myself Clear?: A Scientist's Guide to Talking to the Public Review

Am I Making Myself Clear: A Scientist's Guide to Talking to the Public
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Am I Making Myself Clear: A Scientist's Guide to Talking to the Public ReviewA much needed book for scientific and non-scientific communities alike. Written by science writer (and former New York Times editor) Cornelia Dean, the book makes the case that scientists need to make "their work more accessible to the media, and thus to the public." This doesn't come naturally to most scientists, and so the book gives some practical tips on how scientists can accomplish this goal.
Dean starts with "an invitation to researchers" to put aside their natural reticence and distrust of the media and help themselves and journalists get the key messages of their science across to the public. Because there are plenty of people out there who don't hesitate to misinform the public about the science in order to protect their own interests (e.g., the climate change debate). In ensuing chapters she provides some insights into how scientists can better "know your audience," help educate and work with journalists, and how to get the message across on radio and TV, online, and in the courtroom. She also offers tips on writing books, writing Op-Eds and letters to news outlets, and writing about science and technology in other venues.
Two of the most valuable chapters actually have to do with how journalists cover science issues. In "Covering Science," Dean notes some of the differences in style and communication between journalism and scientific writing. These differences set up an inherent conflict. Scientific researchers view journalists as being superficial, insufficiently concerned with accuracy, focused on controversy, and even "ignorant." In turn, journalists view researchers as boring, "caveating things to death," prone to incomprehensible jargon, and incapable of drawing a definitive conclusion. In "The Problem of Objectivity," Dean discusses the limitations of journalistic "balance" in which one opposing voice is given equal weight to the thousands of proponent voices because both sides are represented. This journalistic trait is exploited by, for example, climate change deniers, who know that TV interviews with one scientist and one naysayer (even if he is a non-scientist) looks to the public like "two sides" of a debate, even when the science is overwhelmingly in favor of one view. Given that it is often difficult for a journalist to know the state-of-the-art of the science, this opens the door for imbalance in an effort to provide balance.
Perhaps the most valuable chapter to scientists is "The Scientist as Source." Here Dean provides some practical hints as to how scientists can best interact with journalists. Again she encourages scientists to put aside their hesitations to speak to the press and to embrace the opportunity to get out a message that accurately reflects both the research itself and the ramifications of that research to the public.
"Am I Making Myself Clear?" is quite readable, as one might expect from a science journalist. I recommend reading this book along with Chris Mooney and Sheril Kirshenbaum's "Unscientific America" and Randy Olson's "Don't Be Such a Scientist." All three books are useful to the scientist to help him or her relate better to the public, and to the public at large to better understand how science works.
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Adult Development and Aging: Biopsychosocial Perspectives Review

Adult Development and Aging: Biopsychosocial Perspectives
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Adult Development and Aging: Biopsychosocial Perspectives ReviewI was very impressed with this book, the information is laid out clearly, the author did a wonderful job with the content.Adult Development and Aging: Biopsychosocial Perspectives Overview

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What I Believe Review

What I Believe
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What I Believe ReviewThis is a distillation of Kung's thought and belief. Reading it stretches the intellect and opens new vistas. He takes the reader seriously, and doesn't give easy pat answers. Looking at the various areas of belief in life, he covers trust, joy, meaning, ethics, foundation of life, suffering, spirituality, Christianity in dialogue with other religions, and hope for the future. I had it from the library, and liked it so much I bought it. There is plenty to think about here. It answers some questions, raises others, and looks at all aspects of the main thing we have in common, how to live the life. It's wowrth reading several times, because one can discover new aspects of Kung's belief on every page. For those who like a mental challenge, who really want to think about their theology and spirituality, this is the book!What I Believe Overview

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Science vs. Religion: What Scientists Really Think Review

Science vs. Religion: What Scientists Really Think
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Science vs. Religion: What Scientists Really Think ReviewThis book is a model of in-depth sociological research, based on extensive in-person interviews with a rare (and rarefied) set of subjects: scientists at elite academic institutions. Ecklund clearly has a gift for getting beneath the surface in her interviews, and she puts the results together in memorable and succinct ways that sometimes confirm and sometimes undermine stereotypes of how scientists view religion--the adversarial title of the book (for which an author can never be held fully responsible) does little to convey the nuance and surprises of the analysis. The results, to be sure, are not entirely surprising: most elite scientists are indeed distant from traditional religion, as one would expect, even while a substantial minority are much more engaged with faith (both traditional and self-constructed) than even their own colleagues would guess. The decision to include social scientists among the sample seems to me a bit counterproductive, given how much methods and scholarly temperaments differ in the social sciences (even the "hard" disciplines like economics) compared to the natural sciences. Still, this is important work with an empirical clarity that has been needed for a long time in a field often mired in stereotypes and assumptions. It will serve the ongoing conversation about science and religion well for many years.Science vs. Religion: What Scientists Really Think Overview

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